VanEck's ETFs track Morningstar Dividend Leaders indices, follow a passive equity strategy and have comparable risk-reward profiles dominated by equity market and currency risk. The sole material difference is the geographical universe (global vs. ex-US), which may alter currency exposure and sector weightings. This comparison is based on the shared Morningstar Dividend Leaders methodology (objective selection criterion). Sources for any comparative statements are Morningstar Indexes and VanEck internal data. Key assumptions include an identical index methodology, identical dividend-yield screen, and the same rebalancing schedule. Dividend resilience is a particular focus, with preference given to those companies that have consistently paid dividends and where earnings appear to potentially cover future dividends.