Why Gold Miners Are More Resilient Than Their Costs Suggest

Key Takeaways

• Gold remained above US$4,000 per ounce in July, while gold mining equities experienced a volatile month. All dollar figures in this material are US dollars (USD); where returns are shown in USD, the return may increase or decrease as a result of currency fluctuations.
• Rising production costs remain an important consideration, but gold prices have risen much faster than mining costs during the current cycle.
• Strong margins continue to support free cash flow, disciplined capital allocation and investment in future production.
• Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results. Investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal.

A Steady Month for Gold, A Volatile One for Gold Miners

Gold posted a small gain (+0.95%) for the month, closing at US$4,046.15 on July 31, two days after the U.S. Federal Reserve announced its decision to keep rates unchanged at its July meeting. Gold has continued to hold above $4,000 per ounce as investors continued to assess the outlook for monetary policy and the next Federal Open Market Committee meeting, scheduled for September 16.¹

According to the World Gold Council’s Q2 2026 Gold Demand Trends report, total gold demand held steady at 1,269 tonnes, unchanged year over year and up 1% quarter over quarter, with weaker investment demand offset by stronger central bank buying. It was a volatile month for gold mining equities, bouncing back early in July before losing steam as gold pulled back. The MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index (MVGDXTR, total return) was down 1.26% for the month. The “TR” in MVGDXTR denotes a total return index, meaning performance is calculated with dividends reinvested. This index figure is shown on a gross basis: it does not reflect commissions, fees, ongoing charges or other costs an investor would incur, which reduce returns. For illustration, annual charges of 0.50% would have reduced the stated −1.26% monthly return to approximately −1.30%, and would compound to reduce returns further over longer holding periods. An index is unmanaged and it is not possible to invest directly in an index.²

Investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. Index performance is shown in US dollars (USD); for investors in other currencies the return may increase or decrease as a result of currency fluctuations. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results.

The Impact of Rising Production Costs on Gold Miners

One of the most common concerns we hear from investors considering an allocation to gold mining equities is the risk that they will get crushed by rising production costs. This is a valid concern in an environment defined by geopolitical tension, elevated energy prices, and persistent inflation. But we think it is largely overstated. There is something very unique and interesting about the gold mining sector; the very forces investors most fear could pressure gold miners are, in many cases, the same forces that drive gold prices higher.

To understand why miners are better positioned than their cost structures initially suggest, it helps to start with gold itself. Gold has a well-documented historical relationship with inflation. During the inflationary surge of the 1970s, gold appreciated dramatically in real terms. During the post-2008 quantitative easing era and again following COVID-era stimulus, gold responded to the same monetary and fiscal forces that were driving up the cost of everything else.

This matters enormously for miners. Unlike most industrial companies, where rising input costs squeeze margins with no corresponding revenue offset, gold miners benefit from a natural hedge: the very macroeconomic environment that pressures their cost structure, including inflation, currency debasement, and monetary uncertainty has historically pushed their primary revenue driver, the gold price, higher at the same time. This is a structural feature of the asset class that we don’t think is widely recognized.

The current gold bull run has delivered something the 2000–2011 cycle largely failed to: sustained margin expansion. Today's miners have taken a fundamentally different approach by maintaining rigorous cost discipline, driving operational improvements to counter industry-wide cost inflation, and adopting conservative mineral resource strategies anchored to gold prices well below spot. They have also avoided the grade deterioration that plagued earlier cycles. The result is that gold prices have risen far faster than mining costs, pushing margins to historical record levels.

The Geopolitical Link: Why Energy Fears Can Support the Gold Price

This “natural hedge” we highlight for the gold mining industry is visible today in energy markets. Investors look at elevated oil and diesel prices and reasonably worry about mining operating costs. But it is worth pausing on why energy prices are elevated. A primary driver is geopolitical instability, including conflict in the Middle East, the war in Ukraine, fragmentation of global supply chains and growing resource nationalism. They are precisely the type of conditions under which gold has historically served its most important role: a safe haven asset in times of uncertainty.

What Does It Cost to Mine an Ounce of Gold?

Part of the reason energy cost fears are overstated is that many investors overestimate how much of the cost structure is actually fuel-driven. The reality of a typical all-in sustaining cost (AISC) breakdown looks something like this:

All-in sustaining cost (AISC) is an industry measure of what it costs a miner to produce one ounce of gold and keep the mine running at its current level of output. It captures direct mining and processing costs, on-site labor, fuel and energy, consumables, royalties and production taxes, corporate overhead, and the sustaining capital expenditure and mine development needed to maintain existing production. It excludes the cost of building new mines and major expansion projects. AISC is used as the primary cost benchmark for gold mining companies because it is more complete than simple cash costs and allows the profitability of different miners to be compared on a per-ounce basis against the gold price. Definitions are not fully standardized, so AISC may be calculated differently between companies.

• Labor: ~35–50% of AISC, representing the single largest cost driver
• Fuel and energy: ~15–20% of AISC
• Consumables (steel, explosives, reagents, tires): ~15-20%
• Other/Royalties: ~10–20%³

Take Newmont’s 2026 direct operating cost breakdown (chart below). Newmont, the largest gold mining company in the world, assumed a Brent price of US$70 per barrel for 2026. It estimates that for every US$10/barrel move in the price of Brent crude, its costs would move +/- US$60 million, which is about US$11 per ounce of gold produced. That is very manageable, particularly at current gold price levels, where operating margins remain exceptionally strong.

Direct Operating Costs by Category

Percentage breakdown for 2026 remains largely in line with 2025

Source: Newmont. Data as of 6/30/2026. Represents results based on 2026 Guidance. ”Other” category of 5% primarily includes freight, technology-related costs, employee administrative costs, rents and operating leases.

The oil price sensitivity is there, but it is not the dominant cost factor. It is one component among several. Many miners meaningfully reduce their fuel exposure through long-term supply contracts, renewable sources of energy, and active hedging programs.

The Math Behind Gold Mining Margins

Gold companies’ earnings season kicked off at the end of July. Overall, we estimate that operating results have been mostly in line with expectations so far, and Q2 all-in sustaining costs are on average coming in below the US$2,000 per ounce level. With gold trading around US$4,000 per ounce at present, the sector is generating operating margins of roughly US$2,000 per ounce, among the widest in the industry's history.

Even under a stress scenario in which gold prices remain flat and costs rise 10–15%, the sector still generates substantial free cash flow per ounce. The margin cushion built up at current gold prices is meaningful. Companies do not need gold to keep rising to remain highly profitable. They need gold to remain broadly range-bound, which is a much lower bar.

This resilience matters because it changes what miners can do with their cash. We expect senior and mid-tier companies in the gold space to remain committed to:

• Growing and/or sustaining dividends
• Executing share buyback programs
• Paying down debt and strengthening balance sheets
• Funding exploration and organic growth programs without having to rely on equity issuance or elevated gold price assumptions

This is capital allocation discipline in a strong earnings environment, and it is a meaningful shift from how the industry has historically behaved.

Key Risks of Investing in Gold Mining Equities

The benefits described in this material must be weighed against material risks. Investors may lose some or all of the amount invested.

Commodity price volatility: Gold mining equities are highly sensitive to the gold price, which can fall sharply and unpredictably. A falling gold price compresses margins disproportionately and can turn profitable operations loss-making.

Sector and issuer concentration: Exposure is concentrated in a single sector and a limited number of issuers, making it more volatile than a diversified equity investment. Individual mine failures, strikes or accidents can materially affect performance.

Currency exposure: Gold and mining revenues are typically denominated in US dollars while investors' costs and mining operating costs may be in other currencies. Where past performance or other figures are shown in US dollars (USD), the return may increase or decrease as a result of currency fluctuations.

Geopolitical and operational risk in mining jurisdictions: Mines operate in jurisdictions exposed to resource nationalism, expropriation, permit withdrawal, tax and royalty changes, political instability, and civil unrest. Operational risks include cost overruns, grade deterioration, water and power constraints, equipment failure, and environmental or safety incidents.

Inflation and input cost risk: The natural hedge described in this material is a historical relationship and is not guaranteed. Costs may rise while the gold price stagnates or falls.

There is no assurance that margins, free cash flow, dividends or buybacks described in this material will be sustained. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results.

What This Means for Gold Investors

The concern about cost inflation for gold miners is not unfounded. In our research and evaluation of these companies, we are intensely focused on the cost trends, and during our frequent management meetings, they are always a key topic. However, when viewed in full context, the cost outlook for this industry is not quite as concerning as it may seem at first glance. Gold miners operate with a natural inflation hedge on the revenue side. Their largest cost driver is labor, not fuel. Their energy exposure, while real, is partially hedged and structurally smaller than many assume. And the geopolitical forces driving energy prices higher are among the most reliable catalysts for gold price appreciation.

Today, gold miners are generating the kind of free cash flow that allows them to reward shareholders, service obligations and invest in future production, all without needing a heroic gold price assumption. They are, in many respects, in the strongest financial position the sector has seen in years.

For investors considering an allocation who are worried about cost pressures eroding the opportunity, we would suggest reframing the question. The risk is not that margins collapse under cost pressure. The more relevant question is whether investors are placing too much emphasis on cost pressures without giving equal weight to the sector's strong margins and cash generation.

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