Key Takeaways:

• Global power demand is surging as AI data centers, electrification and manufacturing re-shoring drive record electricity consumption worldwide.
• Energy security is now a geopolitical and investment imperative, as aging infrastructure strains under modern demand and control of fuels, minerals and grids defines competitiveness.
• Innovation is unlocking opportunity, with next-generation geothermal, nuclear, fusion, hydrogen, storage and AI-optimized grids set to redefine “secure power” and reshape global investment themes.

A global power crunch is emerging as one of the defining economic and geopolitical forces of the 21st century. Electricity now sits at the heart of today’s global economy and demand is growing at an unprecedented pace – driven certainly by the headline-grabbing artificial intelligence (AI) race and the electrification of everything, as well as manufacturing re-shoring and accelerating urbanization.

This surge in demand is colliding with a power system that was built for an earlier era, in an earlier era. Yet today’s electricity networks around the world cannot keep up with current demand. Power availability, affordability and national security have become not just technical challenges, but strategic imperatives that will determine a country’s economic competitiveness and geopolitical influence.

Structural Shifts in Global Power Demand

As Michael Porter noted in his seminal work The Competitive Advantage of Nations more than 35 years ago, labor, infrastructure and technological capacity are the advanced factors driving a nation’s economic strength. The U.S. clearly excels in its technological capabilities. As former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh wrote in The Wall Street Journal (November 17, 2025), America’s comparative advantage remains in its labor force, “workers of all stripes – a nation of doers, risk-takers and builders”. The technology leadership and innovation of the US is indisputable.

However, the U.S., like most of the world, lags in infrastructure, particularly power infrastructure. Generation, transmission and distribution capacity are insufficient. Traditional solutions including “conventional” renewables are necessary but not enough. Breakthrough innovations must fill the gap and will determine the success and security of our future.

The world is entering a structural phase of electricity demand growth. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global power consumption rose approximately 4% in 2024 – the fastest pace in decades. The IEA also projects that global electricity consumption between 2025 and 2027 will be unprecedented, equivalent to adding the demand of Japan to the global total each year. Spending on power generation and end-use electrification accounts for roughly half of today’s total energy investment. Much of this growth is attributed to AI data centers and the seemingly infinite demand for low cost and firm power. AI, however, is only part of the story. Re-shoring and near-shoring of manufacturing and the ceaseless increase in per capita consumption are the major new sources of demand that form a new baseline.

The Return of Energy as a Weapon

Energy’s resurgence as a tool of statecraft is unmistakable. Jason Bordoff and Meghan O’Sullivan argue in Foreign Affairs, that the “energy weapon” has returned in new and more complex forms. States controlling fuels, critical minerals, technologies and grid equipment now hold outsized geopolitical leverage.

While the concept dates back to the 1970s oil-embargos, it now extends to LNG (liquified natural gas), rare earth metals, graphite and solar panels. Mary Gallagher’s recent column in World Politics Review details how dominance of the rare earth metals’ sector has served as a controlling force against Japan and the U.S.

The weaponization of energy during recent conflicts revealed how fragile global interdependence has become. Power generation, transmission resilience and supply-chain autonomy are now treated as elements of national deterrence, and key to preserving both technological and military advantage.

Hence, the imperatives of growth, affordability and security are more critical than ever. Despite record levels of investment, today’s energy mix is insufficient. Incremental improvements will not close the gap. A transformation in power technology is required.

Transformational Technologies: Building Abundance and Security

A new generation of energy sources is emerging, aimed at solving the energy trilemma of access, affordability and security. An “all of the above” approach needs to be genuinely pursued and includes confronting the realities of NIMBYism (“Not In My Back Yard”), geology, economics and proof of concept.

New sources of fossil fuels, established solar and wind technologies, restarting and optimizing conventional nuclear reactors, next generation nuclear fission innovations, advanced geothermal systems, fusion energy systems, hydrogen utilization and long-duration battery storage are all parts of a comprehensive solution.

Conclusion: Power as the New Sovereignty

Power is power and those who control generation, cost and security will lead the way. The world needs energy addition, not pure substitution. Those who recognize and pursue that path will hold the economic and strategic high ground of the next industrial age.

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